Experts advise managing memory lapses with lifestyle changes 

Occasional memory lapses, often referred to as "senior moments," are common as people age, but experts say they are usually not a cause for concern unless they interfere with daily life.  

"The brain is like any other part of the body, and over time, it may not function as well as it used to," said neuropsychologist Julie Brody Magid, clinical director of the Harvard-affiliated McLean Hospital Memory Disorders Assessment Clinic. "While most memory glitches are part of normal aging, in some cases, they are exacerbated by problems that people can manage."  

Memory lapses typically begin in the 50s or 60s due to chemical and structural changes in the brain's hippocampus and frontal lobes, regions responsible for learning and recall. Shrinking of these areas, often caused by narrowing arteries that reduce oxygen supply, can make retrieving new and existing information more difficult.  

However, ageing is not always the primary cause. Memory problems may also result from depression, stress, anxiety, medication, and poor sleep, Brody Magid noted.  

"Depression can disrupt the brain's ability to focus, process, and access information," she said. Chronic stress and anxiety can flood the brain with cortisol, a stress hormone that, over time, affects memory-related brain regions. "Depression, stress, and anxiety can also cause negative and preoccupying thoughts that keep people from focusing and being present, which may contribute to memory issues."  

Additionally, certain medications may cause brain fogginess, and sleep disturbances—including insomnia and sleep apnea—can impair brain function.  

To manage memory lapses, experts suggest using practical techniques. Absentmindedness, often caused by multitasking or distractions, can be tackled by making to-do lists, setting reminders, and establishing routines, such as placing essential items like keys and phones in a designated spot.  

For name recall difficulties, linking a person to familiar references—such as their job, interests, or someone with a similar name—can improve memory. Regularly discussing and reviewing important information also helps retain memories that might otherwise fade over time.  

Brody Magid advised consulting a doctor if memory lapses become frequent or disrupt daily activities. When seeking medical advice, providing detailed information—such as whether forgetfulness is linked to stress or distraction—can help identify whether lifestyle factors, medical issues, or further examination at a memory clinic is necessary.  

"All of this background information can help your doctor determine if lifestyle factors or medical issues might be at play and need to be addressed, or if you need a formal examination at a memory clinic," she added.