What is hantavirus and why has it been detected on an Atlantic cruise ship?
The vessel, which was travelling from Argentina to Cape Verde, has been linked to three deaths, according to the WHO
A suspected outbreak of hantavirus has been reported aboard the MV Hondius, prompting an investigation by the World Health Organization.
What happened on the cruise ship?
The vessel, which was travelling from Argentina to Cape Verde, has been linked to three deaths, according to the WHO.
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Only one case of hantavirus has been formally confirmed so far, while five additional suspected cases are under investigation. Health authorities and laboratory experts are conducting what the WHO described as "detailed investigations" to determine the source and scale of the potential outbreak, says the BBC.
What is hantavirus?
Hantavirus refers to a group of viruses carried primarily by rodents. Humans are typically infected through inhaling airborne particles contaminated with rodent urine, droppings or saliva. Less commonly, transmission can occur through bites or scratches.
The virus is not usually spread between people.
What illnesses does it cause?
Hantavirus infections can lead to two main types of disease:
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS): Found mainly in the Americas, it begins with symptoms such as fatigue, fever, muscle aches and headaches. In severe cases, it progresses to respiratory failure and has a mortality rate of about 38%.
Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS): More common in Europe and Asia, this form affects the kidneys and can cause internal bleeding, low blood pressure and acute kidney failure.
How widespread is it?
Hantavirus is considered a global health concern. Around 150,000 cases of HFRS are estimated to occur each year, with more than half reported in China.
In the United States, 890 hantavirus cases were recorded between 1993 and 2023.
One strain, known as the Seoul virus, is carried by Norway rats and is found worldwide.
Are there recent cases?
In February 2025, Betsy Arakawa died from HPS after reported exposure to rodent nests and dead rodents at her home, highlighting the risks associated with contact with contaminated environments.
Is there a treatment?
There is no specific cure for hantavirus infection. Treatment focuses on supportive care, including oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation in severe respiratory cases, antiviral medication in some instances, and dialysis for kidney complications.
How can it be prevented?
Prevention centres on reducing exposure to rodents. Measures include sealing entry points in homes, especially in attics and basements, and using protective equipment when cleaning areas where rodent droppings may be present to avoid inhaling contaminated particles.
