UN panel backs Bangladesh's plea for 3 more years before LDC graduation

Highlights:

• UN panel recommends delaying Bangladesh's LDC graduation by 3 years, to 24 Nov 2029
• Bangladesh still meets all graduation criteria comfortably
• The recommendation cites global uncertainties, including geopolitical tensions, energy shocks, and trade disruptions
• The committee urged Bangladesh to use the extra time to strengthen financial sector reforms, tax collection, economic diversification, and private-sector preparedness
• The proposal now awaits approval from the UN General Assembly

The UN Committee for Development Policy (CDP) has recommended that the United Nations General Assembly extend Bangladesh's preparatory period for graduation from the least developed country (LDC) category until 24 November 2029.

If approved, this would give Bangladesh three more years to prepare for LDC graduation, extending the original November 2026 deadline.

The recommendation follows Bangladesh's formal request submitted on 18 February 2026 and a subsequent letter from the prime minister to the UN secretary-general on 6 April, according to an Economic Relations Division (ERD) statement issued today (2 June).

Infographics: TBS

The statement said CDP Chairman José Antonio Ocampo informed Bangladesh that, based on the committee's assessment, it would be appropriate for the UNGA to approve an extension of Bangladesh's preparatory period for LDC graduation.

Ocampo said the extension should not be viewed as an opportunity to postpone reforms. Rather, he said, it should be used to accelerate efforts to address key structural challenges.

ERD officials said the final decision on the matter is expected to be taken at the UNGA. The issue has also been referred to the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).

The ECOSOC meeting is scheduled on 21 and 22 July. The matter will then be placed before the UN General Assembly, with a final decision likely at the UNGA session in September.

Regarding whether any country previously succeeded in securing an extension, officials said Solomon Islands was a rare case that managed to do so successfully.

Experts and stakeholders have welcomed the development but warned against complacency, saying it should serve as a reminder to accelerate reforms.

They said Bangladesh has been given time since 2018. However, due to the lack of progress in recent years, there is uncertainty over whether the three-year extension will be sufficient.

Why CDP recommends deferral

The CDP has also released a report titled "Crisis assessment: Bangladesh", saying Bangladesh continues to exceed the graduation thresholds by a wide margin across all LDC criteria, leaving little risk of the country falling back below those benchmarks.

Despite this strong performance, the committee acknowledged that a series of external shocks could affect the country's preparedness for a smooth transition from LDC status.

The report said Bangladesh's deferral request was driven by nine external and domestic crises: aftereffects of Covid-19, Ukraine war, Red Sea conflict, Middle East war, banking irregularities, and the political transition following the July 2024 uprising.

The government, while explaining domestic challenges, presented a comprehensive list of planned actions including ongoing trade negotiations with trading partners.

To this effect, the committee has viewed that an extension would be appropriate, provided that, during this period, Bangladesh advances on domestic reforms.

What must be done during extension

The CDP has expressed willingness to support an extension but issued a clear caveat: the additional time must not be used to delay domestic reforms.

It said Bangladesh must make progress in financial sector stability, tax revenue, domestic resource mobilisation, capacity building, and economic diversification, alongside preparation of the private sector for a post-graduation environment.

The committee noted that despite shocks and disruptions since 2021, Bangladesh developed a Smooth Transition Strategy (STS). The plan includes a time-bound framework of 157 measures. The STS report attempts to address long-standing structural vulnerabilities.

"The government has begun advanced implementation of the STS ahead of graduation, though progress has been uneven," the CDP assessment said, citing persistent challenges, including very low public revenue mobilisation.

It also acknowledged Bangladesh's improved market access in Japan and the three-year extension of preferences in the European Union and most other markets. However, it warned that uncertainty remains over access to the largest export market beyond 2030.

While commending planned measures beyond graduation, the CDP said actions should be clearly sequenced into short-term (within three years), medium-term (three to five years), and long-term (beyond five years) phases to ensure feasibility.

The committee also called for continued international support during both the preparatory and post-graduation phases, including concessional financing, technical assistance, enhanced trade negotiation capacity, and an extension of LDC-specific support.

It further noted that it does not foresee supporting any additional extension requests beyond the one currently under consideration.

'CDP to closely monitor progress in transition strategy'

Zahid Hussain, former lead economist at the World Bank's Dhaka office, said the CDP's recommendation is not unconditional. The extension is intended to act as a "catalyst for reform", not a delay in implementation.

He cautioned that if the three-year window is used merely as breathing space without real reforms, it could create complications in the next stage, and progress may still need to be demonstrated before final approval.

He further said the CDP has recommended extension of graduation conditional on domestic fiscal, banking and structural reforms to diversify the economy. 

"Bangladesh comfortably meets all graduation criteria even after accounting for the impact of the adverse factors identified to make the case for deferment. Their support for extension is based on the impact of these factors on the state capacity to implement the STS," he said. 

He added that CDP will closely monitor progress in operationalising the STS. 

3-years sufficient to complete preparations for RMG

Welcoming the development, Mahmud Hasan Khan Babu, president of BGMEA, said the additional three years, combined with the existing grace period for trade facilities in export markets such as the European Union, would effectively give six years in total

"This should be sufficient to complete the required preparations," he said, adding that government-side readiness is crucial, including ensuring energy security, enhancing logistics capacity, expanding port efficiency, and related energy infrastructure projects.

On the private sector side, he added, firms are already working to improve efficiency and reduce costs as part of their preparedness for graduation.

Postponing graduation critical for pharma

Abdul Muktadir, president of the Bangladesh Association of Pharmaceutical Industries (BAPI) and managing director of Incepta Pharmaceuticals, said the industry fully supports postponing LDC graduation, but remains cautious until a final decision is made.

He noted that the absence of patent obligations currently allows patients in Bangladesh to access many high-cost medicines at low prices. After graduation, however, drugs such as hepatitis C treatments could see prices rise from around $6-7 to nearly $1,000.

Explaining the broader context, he said the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement under the World Trade Organization sets minimum global standards for intellectual property protection, including patents. LDCs, including Bangladesh, currently enjoy certain exemptions under this framework.

Muktadir said postponing LDC graduation is "extremely critical" for the sector. He urged continued efforts until the final UN decision, alongside strengthening industry capacity and developing skilled human resources during the extended preparation period.