G20 finance chiefs back central bank independence in first communique since October

Highlights:

• G20 issues its first communique since Trump's return to office
• Pledge to boost cooperation, recognise importance of WTO
• Communique agreed despite absence of US Treasury Secretary

Finance chiefs from the Group of 20 countries stressed the importance of central bank independence while pledging to boost cooperation in a joint statement issued on Friday after a two-day meeting in South Africa.

In their first communique since last October, a month before US President Donald Trump's election victory paved the way for his subsequent tariff war, the ministers and central bankers highlighted the uncertainty in the global economy caused by conflict, trade tensions and frequent extreme weather events.

The issue of central bank independence had hung heavily over the meeting in South Africa's coastal city of Durban following Trump's repeated berating of Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell for not cutting interest rates, attacks that have roiled global financial markets.

"The significance of this motherhood and apple pie communique is that it exists at all, though its sprawling nature once again underscores the need for thorough G20 streamlining," said Mark Sobel, a former senior Treasury official who now serves as US chairman of the Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum.

"Its strong and welcome defence of central bank independence stood out, given President Trump's misguided attacks on Chair Powell," he said.

The communique was reached in the absence of US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent from the two-day meeting, with Washington represented by Michael Kaplan, acting under secretary of the Treasury for international affairs.

Bessent also skipped the previous G20 finance chiefs' gathering in Cape Town in February, although Washington is due to assume the G20's rotating presidency in December.

"Central banks are strongly committed to ensuring price stability, consistent with their respective mandates, and will continue to adjust their policies in a data-dependent manner. Central bank independence is crucial to achieving this goal," the communique said.

South Africa's deputy finance minister David Masondo told reporters that the meeting outcomes contained in the communique were "consented to by all members" and centred on "strategic macroeconomic issues". When members have been unable to reach consensus on a statement in the past, they have issued a summary or "chair's statement" outlining various positions of members.

A White House official did not address Friday's communique specifically, but said Washington was "leaning towards a back to basics plan" when it takes over the G20 presidency.

The communique also recognised "the importance of the World Trade Organisation to advance trade issues", while adding that the body needed reform.

Reaching agreement is seen as an achievement even though communiques issued by the G20 are non-binding.

The group was founded to coordinate financial policy after the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s, before expanding to state leaders during the 2008 global financial crisis.

"To achieve what we have done in this environment, I take it as a huge success," South Africa's finance minister Enoch Godongwana said after the meeting of the group, which also includes China, Russia, European and large emerging economies.

Josh Lipsky, chair of international economics at the Atlantic Council, said of the fact that the G20 issued a communique: "This is a positive sign going into the year of the US presidency. It shows some kind of momentum."

WORDS CAREFULLY CHOSEN

While it referred to "extreme weather events and natural disasters" as economic challenges, the communique did not explicitly address climate change. The word "tariff" was notable by its absence from the document, which instead referred to "trade tensions".

Trump's tariff policies have torn up the global trade rule book and clouded the economic outlook almost everywhere. With baseline levies of 10% on all US imports and targeted rates as high as 50% on steel and aluminium, 25% on autos and potential levies on pharmaceuticals, extra tariffs on more than 20 countries are slated to take effect on August 1.

The G20 communique also contained no mentions of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, a divisive point for the group, nor the conflict involving Israel and Hamas in Gaza. Instead, it mentioned "ongoing wars and conflicts" without elaborating.

At just over 2,000 words, the communique was less than half the around 5,000 words of the October 2024 document.

South Africa, under its presidency's motto "Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability", has aimed to promote an African agenda, with topics including the high cost of capital and funding for climate change action.

The finance ministers and central bank governors said in Friday's communique that they were committed to addressing debt vulnerabilities in low- and middle-income countries in an effective, comprehensive and systematic manner.