World’s first pig-to-human liver transplant gives scientists new hope

It began as a desperate attempt to save one life, but ended up making medical history. Some Chinese surgeons have successfully transplanted a gene-edited pig liver into a living patient, a world-first that experts are calling a "landmark in hepatology."

The operation took place at the Anhui Medical University in Hefei. The recipient, a 71-year-old man with end-stage liver disease caused by hepatitis B, had no other treatment options. On October 9, researchers described the procedure as "the world's first auxiliary liver xenotransplant."

The transplanted liver came from a genetically modified Diannan miniature pig. Scientists had made ten gene edits to the animal's organ to prevent severe immune rejection. These included removing genes responsible for triggering human immune attacks and adding human proteins to improve compatibility.

For over a month, the pig liver functioned inside the patient, producing bile and synthesising coagulation factors. There were no signs of immediate immune rejection. However, on the 38th day, the patient developed a serious complication called xenotransplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy. The graft was removed, and though the complication was treated, his health deteriorated. He passed away 171 days after the operation.

"This case proves that a genetically engineered pig liver can function in a human for an extended period," said Beicheng Sun, lead investigator of the study.

The achievement highlights both promise and peril. As global organ shortages continue to claim thousands of lives each year, this study offers a glimpse into a future where animal organs may help bridge the gap. The findings were published recently in the Journal of Hepatology.