Tackling the climate crisis with a flower: A farmer’s diary
Extreme soil salinity is rendering thousands of hectares of farmland in coastal Bangladesh barren for much of every year, forcing farmers to abandon their livelihood. Ashim Shikari is a farmer adapting to the climate crisis through sunflowers
We have a new name for salt. We call it fire dust.
Why? Let me tell you.
I farm and live by the coast in Patuakhali, in a remote corner of southwest Bangladesh. Here, we used to have all six seasons, and they would play out the same, year after year, in all their glory - Grishmo (Summer), Borsha (Monsoon), Shorod (Autumn), Hemonto (Late Autumn), Sheet (Winter) and Boshonto (Spring).
Now we have just three seasons - a summer that sucks the life out of the land; a monsoon that brings punishing cyclones and floods; and a dry winter that kills everything, even mung beans - the hardiest of crops.
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Then there is salt, the taste we all loved - but are quickly growing to hate - which is here for all the seasons now. It comes in with extreme tides, cyclones, floods - an unwelcome visitor who never leaves.
Cyclones torment our lives for just a couple of days, but what people who don't live in cyclone-prone areas don't see is that they leave behind this salt brine on our fields. That stagnant, salty water stays for months. When it eventually evaporates, or seeps into the ground, it leaves a layer of flaky white salt that covers the whole ground like a tattered white bed-sheet.
Nothing grows on salt - and I know nothing other than growing crops. We call this salt - fire dust - because it burns the soil like fire.
When I tried planting rice in this salty soil, my rice shoots turned yellow and dried up. I tried my luck with watermelons but they're thirsty and irrigation costs a lot of money - Tk3,300 taka (USD 30) per acre, to be exact.
I hear people call my situation 'the climate crisis'. Who created this crisis - and why am I having to pay for it? These thoughts circle over and over in my head. It would have been okay if thoughts satisfied hunger - but they don't, so I return to my fields, day in and day out, trying to grow new things and trying to keep food on the table.
Smiling sunflowers
I remember the first time I heard about farming sunflowers. I had a lot of questions. What do I do with them? How do I process the seeds? And, most importantly, how will they grow in this salty soil?
The first type of sunflower I tried was Hysun 33, a salt-tolerant variety. I took training on how to manage it and planted it in my fields. I gave it my everything, like I do for every crop. I was extra excited this time though.
And grow they did! I had never seen any crop grow so vigorously in our salty fields. The seedlings looked so healthy, it was like they were made for a diet of fire dust.
Soon the blossoms started. I crossed my fingers every morning when I went to the fields. I was hoping for one flower per plant, because any more would mean the flowers would be smaller, resulting in smaller sunflower seeds and, in the end, a much smaller harvest per acre.
By the second month, nearly all the flowers had blossomed. My sunflowers' smiles seemed as big as the sun itself. Watching them smile put a smile on my face. I had forgotten the last time I smiled looking at my harvest.
I am expecting to harvest nearly 500 kilograms of sunflower seeds per acre this season. If I compare this to the amount of mung beans I would have normally produced in the same area over the same period, I may make up to five times as much at the market.
Even more importantly, I won't have to buy expensive vegetable oil from the market for the rest of the year, which we use to cook at least once every day. The stalks can be used as firewood in the kitchen, and the husks can be fed to cattle. What more could I expect from a crop?
Becoming a water engineer
As much as I loved my land, the constant heartbreak of failed crops had worn me down over the past few years. Watching my new sunflowers smile now has rekindled a new, long-cherished plan of mine.
I have always wanted to engineer a cheaper way of irrigating our crops. This season, I realised the solution was always right before my eyes. We have a two-kilometre-long canal that zigzags through our fields and drains into the sea. Years of no maintenance had filled the canal with silt from the fields. If we could dig up the canal again and dam it up, we would be able to hold enough rainwater to irrigate our crops in the dry season, for a very low cost.
The farmers around me are now interested in this plan, so, alongside the expansion of my new sunflower crops, this will be my next goal. If you had asked me last season, I would never have said any of this was possible.
I've managed to adapt - and perhaps even learnt to manage - the dreaded fire dust.
Ashim Shikari is a farmer from Patuakhali in Bangladesh. His story is told by Ayan Soofi, a Communications Specialist at BRAC.
Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and views of The Business Standard.
