N Korean leader Kim observes missile test to enhance nuclear capabilities

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un has observed the test firing of a new type of tactical guided weapon aimed at boosting the country's nuclear capabilities, the North's KCNA state news agency reported on Sunday.

The report comes amid signs North Korea could soon resume nuclear testing according to South Korean and US officials and after Kim broke a self-imposed moratorium on intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) testing with a launch last month.

South Korea's military said on Sunday it had detected two projectiles launched on Saturday from the North's east coast towards the sea. The projectiles flew about 110 kilometres (68 miles) with an apogee of 25 kilometres and maximum speed of less than Mach 4, indicating they were short-range missiles.

The KCNA report gave no details on the launch but linked it to the North's nuclear objectives.

"The new-type tactical guided weapon system ... is of great significance in drastically improving the firepower of the frontline long-range artillery units and enhancing the efficiency in the operation of tactical nukes," KCNA said.

"[Kim] gave important instructions on further building up the defence capabilities and nuclear combat forces of the country," it said.

North Korea has been developing short-range ballistic missiles that analysts say are designed to evade missile defences and strike targets in the South in the event of a war.

On April 5, Kim Yo Jong, the powerful sister of leader Kim, said North Korea opposes war but would use nuclear weapons to strike South Korea if attacked, in a warning seen aimed at the South's incoming conservative president, Yoon Suk-yeol.

A Yoon spokesperson, Bae Hyun-jin, said there was nothing new or surprising in the North's "show of force" as a new administration comes in.

South Korea's current president Moon Jae-in, who will leave office on May 10, has received real-time briefings on the North's missile launch, his office said.

Restoring nuclear test site

Ankit Panda, senior fellow at the US-based Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, said the weapon appears to be the North's first tactical nuclear weapons delivery system, while pointing to indications of work to restore North Korea's Punggye-ri nuclear test site.

"You don't have to be particularly imaginative to put this two and two together," Panda said.

US and South Korean officials have noted activity at the Punggye-ri site which could be preparations for a test, although the timing and nature of that were unclear. 

As early as 2017, the US Defense Intelligence Agency assessed that North Korea was able to miniaturise nuclear weapons across the spectrum of its missiles, from short-range ballistic missiles to ICBMs.

Kim Jong Un in January 2021 said the country was able to "miniaturise, lighten and standardise nuclear weapons and to make them tactical ones". He also outlined goals of developing other weapons such as hypersonic missiles and spy satellites, which have been tested this year.

Duyeon Kim, a North Korea expert at the US-based Center for a New American Security, said the timing could be taken as a protest against anticipated joint US-South Korea military drills.

On Saturday the US 2nd Infantry Division, based in South Korea, shared photos of troops test-firing a multiple launch rocket system, although the timing of the event was not indicated.

A US Defense Department spokesperson on Sunday acknowledged the latest missile test. "We are aware of the North Korean statement that they conducted a test of a long-range artillery system," Lt. Col. Marty Meiners said.

US nuclear envoy Sung Kim will visit Seoul on Monday to discuss a response to the North's recent missile launches with his South Korean counterparts. 

Kim has said the United States is open to talks without preconditions but Pyongyang has rebuffed those overtures, accusing Washington of hostile policies evidenced by sanctions and military drills.

On Friday, North Korea celebrated the 110th anniversary of the birth of state founder Kim Il Sung.