Pulmonologist explains how childhood exposure to air pollution raises adult cancer risk
Children are especially vulnerable to air pollution because their lungs and immune systems are still developing, says Dr AS Sandhya.
Exposure to poor air quality during childhood is increasingly being linked to serious health consequences that can extend well into adulthood, including a higher risk of cancer.
Why are children more vulnerable to air pollution
With air quality remaining poor, it is important to educate oneself about the effects of repeated exposure on our health, especially that of children. HT Lifestyle got in touch with Dr AS Sandhya, consultant, pulmonary and sleep medicine, Kailash Hospital and Neuro Institute, to understand how deadly repeated exposure can become in the long term.
Dr Sandhya elaborated, "Children are especially vulnerable to air pollution because their lungs and immune systems are still developing. They also breathe more rapidly than adults, leading to a greater intake of harmful pollutants per kilogram of body weight."
The pulmonologist noted that high AQI is largely driven by fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, and toxic compounds emitted by vehicular emissions, industrial activity, and fossil fuel combustion. These microscopic particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, triggering chronic inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Over time, Dr Sandhya pointed out, such continuous exposure can damage DNA and disrupt normal cell growth, laying the foundation for cancers such as lung cancer and certain blood-related cancers later in life.
Moreover, Dr Sandhya highlighted that research indicates that children raised in highly polluted environments often show:
- Reduced lung capacity
- Frequent respiratory infections
- Compromised immunity
What measures should parents take?
"While these effects may appear mild or temporary in early years, their cumulative impact can be significant. Long-term exposure during critical growth phases increases vulnerability to chronic diseases that may manifest decades later," she cautioned.
Dr Sandhyra advised parents and caregivers to:
- Regularly monitor AQI levels and restrict outdoor activities on high-pollution days
- Ensuring good indoor air quality through proper ventilation, air purifiers, and smoke-free homes is essential
- During peak pollution episodes, the use of well-fitted masks can offer added protection for children
- A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and antioxidants helps counter oxidative stress caused by pollutants, while regular health check-ups allow early detection of respiratory issues
Lastly, she also shared steps that can be taken at a broader level to safeguard children, including "community and policy-driven efforts such as reducing traffic emissions, promoting clean energy, and increasing green cover are vital to safeguarding children's long-term health and lowering future cancer risk."
Disclaimer: This article is intended for information only and should not replace professional medical advice.
