Human organ transplantation bill passed relaxing restrictions for donations
Under the new law, the definition of “organs” has been expanded to include not only vital organs such as kidneys and liver, but also human tissues.
Parliament today (9 April) passed the Human Organ Transplantation Bill-2026 by relaxing restrictions for donations involving eyes, skin and bone marrow.
The bill, tabled by Health Minister Sardar Md Sakhawat Hossain, reviewed and passed by voice vote in the House, replaces the existing law with updated provisions to reflect modern medical practices.
Under the new law, the definition of "organs" has been expanded to include not only vital organs such as kidneys and liver, but also human tissues. The law sets out detailed procedures for organ collection, preservation and transplantation.
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A key feature is the legal framework for cadaveric donation, allowing organs to be collected from deceased individuals.
It also introduces "swap transplants," enabling organ exchange between incompatible donor-recipient pairs, and permits donations from unrelated individuals under specific conditions.
The minister said a central database will be set up to preserve donor and recipient information, ensuring oversight and accountability throughout the process.
For living donations, close relatives will generally be required as donors. The law also outlines age limits, mandatory health screenings and infectious disease tests for both donors and recipients.
Strict regulatory provisions have been included. No hospital will be allowed to perform transplants without government approval, while organ trading, brokerage and advertising are strictly prohibited.
Violations, including false claims of kinship, will result in penalties such as imprisonment, fines, cancellation of medical licences and suspension of hospital permits.
On 19 November last year, a gazette notification was issued involving the Human Organ Transplant Ordinance 2025.
Under the previous law, 22 close relatives could donate a kidney.
The new ordinance increases the number to 30, including cousins, nephews and nieces, and step-siblings.
Experts say low awareness and limited promotion leave many unaware of emotional donation, citing the process's complexity and potential risks of unethical or illegal practices.
In addition to these close relatives, the ordinance allows "emotional donors" to donate organs.
To qualify, a donor must be over 18, mentally healthy, and provide informed, voluntary consent.
There must be no financial inducement or coercion.
The donor and recipient must share a long-term acquaintance, and the donor must be approved by the committee concerned as a selfless donor.
