Congo confirms new Ebola outbreak, 80 deaths

Highlights:

• Affected areas are near South Sudan, Uganda
• Uganda confirms Ebola outbreak
• Violence in Ituri province has left health services overwhelmed, medical charity says
• Latest Ebola outbreak is 17th in Congo

Eighty people have died in a new Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo's eastern Ituri province, the country's health ministry said late on Friday.

Health Minister Samuel Roger Kamba Mulamba said in a statement that samples tested on Thursday had confirmed eight cases of the Bundibugyo strain of the Ebola virus in the health zones of Rwampara, Mongwalu and Bunia.

So far there have been 246 suspected cases of the virus, the ministry said. The suspected index case was a nurse who died at the Evangelical Medical Centre in Bunia after showing symptoms that included fever, bleeding, vomiting and severe weakness.

The DRC government said it has activated its public health emergency operations centre, strengthened epidemiological and laboratory surveillance, and ordered the rapid deployment of response teams.

Africa's top public health agency said earlier on Friday there was a confirmed Ebola outbreak in DRC's Ituri province, giving the death toll as 65 so far.

The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement it was convening an urgent meeting with Congo, Uganda, South Sudan and global partners to reinforce cross-border surveillance, preparedness and response efforts.

It said the deaths and suspected cases had been reported mainly in the Mongwalu and Rwampara health zones, while four deaths were reported among laboratory-confirmed cases. Suspected cases have also been reported in Bunia, the provincial capital.

The agency said initial findings suggested the presence of a non-Zaire strain of the virus, with sequencing ongoing to further characterise it.

Jean-Jacques Muyembe, the Congolese virologist who co-discovered Ebola and heads the National Institute for Biomedical Research in Kinshasa, told Reuters that all but one of Congo's 16 previous outbreaks had been caused by the Zaire strain.

The identification of a different variant will complicate the response, he said, as existing treatments and vaccines were developed against the Zaire strain.

"Africa CDC is concerned about the risk of further spread due to the urban context of Bunia and Rwampara" as well as "intense population movement" and mobility related to mining in the affected areas, which are close to Uganda and South Sudan, the agency added.

"Given the high population movement between affected areas and neighbouring countries, rapid regional coordination is essential," Africa CDC Director General Jean Kaseya said in the statement.

Uganda's health ministry said a Congolese man had died in Kampala of the Bundibugyo virus strain. Uganda said the case was imported from Congo and that no local case had been confirmed.

First samples confirmed positive on Thursday, WHO says

The World Health Organization learned of suspected cases on 5 May and dispatched a team to Ituri to help investigate, but samples collected in the field initially tested negative, WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told a press briefing on Friday.

A laboratory in Kinshasa confirmed positive cases on Thursday, and the total number of confirmed positive cases is now 13, Tedros said.

The WHO has released $500,000 from its contingency fund for emergencies to support the response, including surveillance, contact tracing, laboratory testing and clinical care, he said.

Ituri hit by militia clashes

The new outbreak is unfolding against the backdrop of a deepening security crisis in Ituri, where clashes between rival militia groups have killed scores of civilians in recent weeks.

The violence has worsened an already dire humanitarian situation, leaving health facilities overwhelmed or non-functional in parts of the province, Medecins Sans Frontieres said earlier this month. The medical charity warned of catastrophic hygiene conditions in displacement sites, raising the risk of disease outbreaks.

The outbreak is the 17th in Congo since Ebola was first identified there in 1976. The country's most recent outbreak, in Kasai province, was declared over on 1 December after three months. Out of a total of 64 cases, 45 died and 19 others recovered.

Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness that is endemic to Congo's vast tropical forests. It spreads through direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected persons, contaminated materials or persons who have died from the disease, the Africa CDC said.