How US residents are funding illegal settlements in West Bank
An Israeli crowdfunding platform, IsraelGives, has allowed residents of the United States to donate millions of dollars since 7 October to causes including illegal West Bank settlements, paramilitary groups, and Israel Defense Forces (IDF) units currently operating in Gaza and the occupied West Bank, reports The Guardian.
According to legal experts, some of these campaigns may be illegal under US tax law, but that this is rarely enforced on donors to Israeli causes.
While contributions from wealthy US nonprofits or individuals to illegal settlements have been previously reported, IsraelGives, with its established crowdfunding platform linked to an international network of nonprofits, may enable smaller donors in the US and elsewhere to receive tax deductions for supporting war and settlement activities in the occupied territories.
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The revelations come amid an escalating humanitarian crisis caused by IDF attacks that have resulted in civilian casualties in Gaza, and mounting campaigns in the US to enforce laws that should prevent US non-profits from funding illegal settlements.
IsraelGives is an Israeli tech company founded in 2009 by Israeli entrepreneurs Jonathan Ben-Dor and Joseph Hitler, according to company filings and technology sector monitor Crunchbase.
The company's platform, akin to GoFundMe and other crowdfunding platforms, enables Israeli nonprofits to raise funds, set fundraising targets, and allows donors to list their names, donation amounts, and locations on the fundraising page.
An array of affiliated nonprofits, most of which have Ben-Dor as an officer, facilitate tax deductions on donations to Israeli nonprofits for residents of the US, Canada, the EU, the UK, and Australia. IsraelGives also operates a donor-advised fund, a type of nonprofit entity that has faced criticism, including for its role in obscuring the flow of "dark money" to right-wing causes.
The company hosts crowdfunding campaigns through various websites, such as israelgives.org, fundme.org.il, and israeltoremet.org. In 2020, Ben-Dor became the sole founder of Giving Technology Inc, which offers a customer management system for nonprofits.
The Guardian identified at least 450 fundraising campaigns that are currently live on the site. Around 204 of these were initiated after 7 October and sought donations for tactical equipment or logistical support. Named beneficiaries included the IDF, individual IDF units, or paramilitary squads attached to specific Israeli communities, including many attached to West Bank settlements.
The international community considers West Bank settlements illegal, but the hardline Benjamin Netanyahu government in June announced plans to expand their construction operations.
After conversion to US dollar amounts at market rates at the time of reporting, The Guardian determined that donors had pledged $5.3 million to military, paramilitary or settlers since 7 October. A high proportion of these donors indicated that they are US residents.
Campaigns raising funds specifically for illegal settlements included campaigns in support of Efrat, Tene (called Tene Omarum by settlers), Shavei Shomron, and Ma'on (also called Havat Ma'on). All of these fundraisers appear to ask for funding for paramilitary units attached to the settlements.
The "Emergency Campaign for Havat Ma'on's Security Team", for example, is headed by a video which includes footage of armed settlers undergoing combat training. In the copy for the campaign, the settlers promise to "stand firm against the cruel enemy that threatens our existence as Jews in the Land of Israel" and promises, "We will do everything to ensure our safe existence here and make it clear to our enemies that we are not to be messed with!"
The campaign had raised over $7,700 at the time of reporting, and donors included individuals identifying themselves as residents of US states including Florida, Illinois, New York and Pennsylvania.
Ma'on, founded in 1980, is a 600-person outpost settlement in the extreme south of the occupied West Bank.
According to the Foundation for Middle East Peace, "The Havat Ma'on outpost has a history of violent harassment of Palestinians working land near the outpost and the settlers' illegally-built access road."
This has continued in the wake of 7 October.
On 13 October, Israeli human rights organisation B'Teselem circulated a video of a settler from the community shooting a Palestinian man at point-blank range with an AR-style rifle in the neighbouring village of Tawani as an IDF soldier looked on. Israeli press outlets corroborated the video.
The Guardian contacted IsraelGives to ask if it was concerned about exposing international donors to legal liability, citing the Ma'on fundraiser as a specific example of, and founder and CEO Jonathan Ben-Dor responded in an email.
He wrote that IsraelGives, "the main website for giving in Israel" is a "neutral broker, facilitating giving to any of Israel's 50,000 registered non-profit organisations".
Ben-dor said the site supported "human and civil rights organisations, humanitarian aid projects, and movements for the promotion of democracy, alongside religious and educational activities – some leftwing, some rightwing [some Jewish, some Arab]".
He added, "We also facilitate international giving to those nonprofits, when the organisation and its cause and mission are in compliance with US law [charitable equivalence]", a reference to IRS guidelines requiring US givers to demonstrate a "good faith determination that a foreign organisation is a qualifying public charity".
Ben-dor wrote that the Ma'on campaign was "created automatically on our platform through a war-time program designed to provide emergency assistance to communities and families directly affected by the 7 October attacks".
He added that "before funds are released to any campaign, the campaign and its backers go through an extensive [know your customer] and compliance process."
Ben-dor concluded that the Ma'on fundraiser "has yet to be vetted, approved, or funded, and on the face of it is not a cause that we will support, for the aforementioned reasons".
The Guardian sent additional questions to Ben-Dor about whether he thought donations to West Bank settlements would not comply with US law, but he did not respond. The Guardian also contacted the IRS with general questions about compliance in such cases, but did not receive a response before deadline.
Ben-dor's apparent caution runs counter to a longer history in which some say that US donations to Israeli organisations engaged in illegal activities have met few sanctions.
Diala Shamas is senior staff attorney at the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR), a human rights nonprofit headquartered in New York City. She said that while donations to communities like Ma'on, "are illegal under international law and could be illegal under US law, the problem has always been one of enforcement".
She believes that attorneys-general could prosecute over donations funding illegal acts, and the IRS could enforce its own rules on equivalence, but "Israeli causes have enjoyed complete impunity".
However, she pointed to initiatives including the so-called "Not on Our Dime" bill, supported by CCR and other organisations, currently before New York's state house, which "clarifies that funding Israeli settlement activity… is illegal", according to a campaign website.
Other IsraelGives campaigns sought funds for tactical equipment for regular and reserve units of the IDF, and all have enjoyed contributions from US residents.
One had raised $25,443 for the "Maglan Friends Foundation", which said that donors would "contribute directly to Maglan, a special forces elite commando unit of the IDF established to operate behind enemy lines". Another had raised $2,994 for snipers attached to the 906th infantry battalion – one of six regular infantry divisions fighting in Gaza – with tasks including three DJI Mavic 3 drones. Another began, "The soldiers of the IDF Multidimensional Unit … kindly urge you to donate so they can purchase additional specialist tactical gear" to include "22 commando vests".
Many of the IDF fundraisers, however, sought money for standard equipment.
For example, a fundraiser for reservists in the army's 636th field intelligence unit pleaded, "we need access to essential tactical equipment, such as helmets, flashlights, and boots". That unit has reportedly been directly involved in combat in Gaza in recent days.
Lara Friedman, president of the Foundation for Middle East Peace and a former diplomat, said that such fundraisers were telling of the strain on Israel's military. "It's December 2023, and it sounds like parts of the IDF are basically begging for basic equipment, which is fascinating," she said.
Shamas, the civil rights lawyer, said Israel's "record of complete impunity" with respect to the enforcement of international law might lull donors into a false sense of security.
"This is actually an incredibly risky space to be giving in," she said. However, those giving to Israel did not appear subject to "the level of risk assessment that people have to make when they're giving in other high-risk places, whether it's Somalia, Afghanistan, or Palestinians in Gaza".
