Can hackers take over your brain? Neuroscience warns risks

Emerging brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is raising concerns about new vulnerabilities, including neural data interception, signal manipulation, and threats to neuroprivacy, according to recent scientific reports.

While the notion of "hacking" the human brain may sound like science fiction, neuroscience research suggests that BCIs — whether invasive implants or noninvasive wearable sensors—translate neural signals into digital commands for applications ranging from prosthetic control to gaming.

A report by the University of Maryland Global Campus explains how BCIs function by converting brain activity into digital information. However, a study from Cornell University highlights several security risks involved.

Hackers could intercept neural data streams, effectively reading thoughts transmitted from the brain to a device.

Researchers have demonstrated "backdoor" attacks on EEG-based BCIs, where small disruptions injected into brainwave-analysis algorithms can alter results, impacting everything from coaching tools to critical medical diagnostics.

Furthermore, the integrity of neural signals can be compromised or manipulated, potentially influencing emotions, decisions, or behaviour. In extreme cases, implanted deep-brain stimulators, used to treat conditions like Parkinson's disease, could be hacked to directly alter brain function.

Neuroprivacy is also at risk, as neural data may reveal sensitive medical conditions or private thoughts. Unauthorised access to such data would violate what ethicists call "cognitive liberty."

According to a report by TIME, although brain transparency is not yet imminent, society is rapidly moving toward a future where scientists, governments, and corporations could potentially access our thoughts and mental states.

Experts stress the urgent need to establish the right to "cognitive liberty," a modern extension of personal freedom designed to protect mental privacy, freedom of thought, and autonomy in the digital age.

Despite these concerns, widespread "mind control" remains speculative. No verified cases of neuroweapon attacks—such as Havana Syndrome—have been confirmed. Current BCI systems lack the precision or capability to rewrite memories or override free will, according to UNESCO Courier.

In response to these emerging threats, the field of neurosecurity is developing, applying cybersecurity principles, encryption, secure protocols, and threat models to protect neural devices and preserve user autonomy.

As BCIs evolve from experimental medical tools to consumer wearables, ethical frameworks and robust regulations must keep pace.

Ultimately, the brain can be hacked—if connected to machines. But with vigilant security measures and ethical oversight, neuroscience offers hope that our minds will remain our own.

Source: NDTV