Writing despite war, exile and fear of death
Violence and repression impacts writers physically and mentally, but inspires some to turn trauma into words. On World Book Day, DW presents authors from Ukraine, Belarus and Iraq who have written through hardship
Ukrainian writer Yuri Andrukhovych describes himself as an Odysseus-type guy since, like the legendary figure from Greek mythology, he is often on the road. Like the ancient warrior, he also longs for his native country.
"I am always ready to go on a trip, especially if it is connected with a reading," he told DW. "I pack quickly and travel light, but I always return home. Right now, I'm purposefully staying right here," he added. Here, in this case, is his home in Ivano-Frankivsk, in western Ukraine. Andrukhovych has not left Ukraine since the start of the war on February 24 because he feels he has "no other option."
His novels, from "Recreations" to "Perverzion" and "The Moscoviad," have been translated into several languages. Andrukhovych's multiple awards include the Goethe Medal, the Hannah Arendt Prize and the Leipzig Book Prize for European Understanding.
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The writer tirelessly emphasises that Ukraine is pro-European, and has appealed to the EU to support his country in numerous speeches.
"Quite unintentionally, we have become your pangs of remorse," Andrukhovych said at the 2014 Vienna Book Fair after Russia's annexation of Crimea in violation of international law. He tried hard to get the West to pay attention, but some countries did not seem to realise the consequences.
"I don't want to generalise. We see, for example, that the UK has a very different relationship with Ukraine than Germany," he said. Countries that have themselves experienced Russian aggression and occupation, like the Baltic states or the Czech Republic, understand Ukraine well, he added.
In Germany, on the other hand, pro-Russian attitudes became an inseparable part of German identity after the events of World War II, Andrukhovych said. Germans sometimes hold great respect and sympathy for Russia, he added.
Nonetheless, Andrukhovych is looking forward to a planned book tour of Germany to promote the German translation of his most recent novel, "Radio Night."
Writing in exile
Volha Hapeyeva cannot currently return home. Having left her native Belarus for Germany in 2019, in August 2020 Belarus dictator Alexander Lukashenko claimed an overwhelming victory in a disputed presidential election, sparking nationwide protests. The regime countered with mass arrests, torture and intimidation. Hapeyeva decided to stay in Germany, where she is a German PEN fellow in the organisation's "writers-in-exile" program.
Hapeyeva remembers sitting on the steps of the Palace of the Republic in Minsk, just reading a book, when a policeman approached her and told her she could not sit there.
"It is these little things that show you that the city no longer belongs to ordinary citizens," she told DW. "The city belongs to the government."
The more she thinks about what home really is, the more she understands the concept of home as something global.
"Often I think about going to the mountains or forests, where I don't have to explain who I am and what kind of passport I have or why I don't have a visa," she said. "Words like exile, refugee, emigrant are only relevant to communities, countries, states," she said, musing on the limits of finding identity beyond the borders of one's homeland.
Hapeyeva's poetry collection, "In My Garden of Mutants," was published in English in 2021. Over the past five years, she has worked as a translator for the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), which has tried unsuccessfully to wind down the conflict in eastern Ukraine.
Her work allowed her access to private letters, which inspired some of her poetry, such as "Black Apple Tree," published in "In My Garden of Mutants":
and here I am in a prison cell and I am writing a letter
and here I am in a trench and I am trying to read the handwriting
send warm socks and a chess game
your son
2017
'Being a Refugee'
"Half bird, am I, half tree: One half wants to put down roots, the other wants to fly," runs a line in Umar Abdul Nasser's Arabic-language poem "Bird and Tree."
The Iraqi writer and singer hid from the so-called Islamic State for two years until he managed to escape. Today he lives in Germany, and like Hapeyeva is a German PEN fellow.
Memories of his native Iraq and the events before he fled remain vivid. He describes his youth as permeated by "the feeling of being terrified ... You are scared all the time. But you need to continue. That's the situation I remember from my childhood."
"Since Saddam [Hussein's] time, it was always this feeling of, don't speak, don't talk,: he said. "The price may not be me as child, but maybe [it will be] my parents, or my father can be arrested or taken in by Saddam. And later we started to see the horrible scenes in the street, the killing of the people."
"That's before ISIS," he added, referring to the rise of Islamist militants in the wake of the US invasion of Iraq in 2003. "And then ISIS was just the climax of everything; we lived inside the death. Every moment we expect to die."
While still in Iraq, Nasser took refuge in the world of thoughts, finding a safe haven in literature and writing poetry to come to terms with what was happening around him. He later fled, first to Poland, then to Germany.
"I like the Iraqi people," he told DW. "I like my country. But at the same time, I can see the problems even more clearly [from outside]."
In "Being a Refugee," a prose poem, Nasser writes in Arabic:
"Imagine you are in my place. Born with my skin color, as old as I am now, with the same address. Imagine you were born in a country that you did not choose, grew up amidst wars that you were not responsible for. Your passport more likely opens prison doors than gives you access to other countries. A prisoner of the times, you go from one war that you didn't pick to another that you also didn't opt for. You make your way waveringly and do not know how all this started and how you are supposed to get away."
For Nasser, writing as war rages at home is spiritual salvation, a means to escape to freedom.
This article has been translated from German.
Disclaimer: This article first appeared on DW, and is published by special syndication arrangement.
